The CPO full form is Central Police Organisation. The Central Police Organizations are a group of police organizations established by the Central Government (CPOs).

C = Central

P = Police

O = Organisation

CPOs working for the central government can be split into two categories. One is the Central Armed Police Forces, which are armed police organizations (CAPFs), The Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D), the Directorate of Coordination of Police Wireless (DCPW), the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), the Intelligence Bureau (IB), and the National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science (NICFS) make up the other group (NICFS). In addition, institutes like the National Police Academy (NPA) and the North Eastern Police Academy provide police training (NEPA). Police work is also done by some intelligence and investigation departments under the Ministry of Finance.

They collect intelligence and investigate economic crimes involving customs, excise, income tax, foreign exchange, money laundering, and drugs trafficking. The Central Economic Intelligence Bureau, the Directorate General of Revenue Intelligence, the Directorate of Enforcement, the Financial Intelligence Unit, the Directorate General of Anti-Evasion, the Directorate General of Income Tax (Investigation), the Narcotics Control Bureau, and other agencies are among them.

Similarly, the Cabinet Secretariat oversees intelligence organizations such as the National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO), the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), and the RAW Aviation Research Centre. The Special Protection Group, which provides security to the Prime Minister and his family members, is another organization within the Cabinet Secretariat. The Ministry of Railways is in charge of the Railway Protection Force. CPOs are usually led by officers with the rank of Director or DGP.